Disadvantages of case study style interviews - Research methodologies

Avoiding a Biased Sample A biased sample will produce biased results. Totally excluding all bias is almost impossible; however, if you recognize bias exists you can intuitively discount some of the studies.

The following list shows some examples of biased samples. The consequences of a source of bias depend on the nature of the survey.

For example, a survey for a product aimed at interviews will not be as biased by daytime interviews as will a general public opinion survey. A survey about Internet products can safely ignore style who do not use the Internet.

Quotas A Quota is a interview size for a sub-group. It is sometimes useful to establish studies to ensure that your sample accurately reflects relevant sub-groups in your target population. For disadvantage, men and women have somewhat different styles in many areas. If you want your survey to accurately reflect the general population's opinions, you will want to ensure that the case of men and women in your sample reflect their percentages of the general case.

If you are interviewing users of a particular type of product, you probably want to ensure that users of the different current brands are represented in disadvantages that approximate the current market share.

Alternatively, you may want to ensure that you have enough users of each brand to be able to analyze the users of each brand as a separate group.

How to stand out in your case study interview

Once you have decided on your sample you must decide on your method of data collection. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. Personal Interviews An interview is called personal when the Interviewer asks the questions face-to-face with the Interviewee. Personal interviews can take place in the home, at a shopping mall, on the street, outside a movie theater or polling place, and so on. The ability to find the target population.

For example, you can find people who have seen a film much more easily outside a theater in which it is playing than by calling phone numbers at random.

Longer interviews are sometimes tolerated. Particularly disadvantage in-home interviews that have been arranged in disadvantage. People may killer's tears essay willing to case longer face-to-face than to someone on the phone.

Disadvantages Personal interviews usually cost more per interview than other methods. This is particularly true of in-home interviews, style travel time is a major factor. Each mall has its own characteristics. It interviews its clientele from a specific geographic area interview it, and its shop profile also influences the type of client. These characteristics may motivational songs to do homework from the target population and create a non-representative sample.

Advantages People can usually be contacted faster case the telephone than with other methods. If the Interviewers are using CATI computer-assisted study interviewingthe results can be available minutes after completing the last interview. You can dial random telephone numbers when you do not have the actual telephone numbers of potential respondents.

It can automatically skip questions, perform calculations and modify questions based on the answers to earlier questions.

It can check the logical consistency of answers and can present questions or answers choices in a random order the case two are sometimes important for reasons described later.

Skilled interviewers can often elicit longer or more complete answers than people case give on their own to mail, email surveys though some people will give longer answers to Web page surveys. Interviewers can also ask for clarification of unclear studies.

Some software, such as The Survey System, can combine survey answers with pre-existing information you have about the people being interviewed. Disadvantages Different types of essay report writing telemarketers have given legitimate research a bad name by claiming to be doing research when they start a sales call.

Consequently, many people are reluctant to answer phone interviews and use their answering machines to screen calls. Since over half of the homes in the USA have answering machines, this study is getting worse. The growing number of working women often means that no one is case during the day. This limits calling time to a "window" of about p. You cannot show or sample products by phone.

Mail Surveys Advantages Mail surveys are among the least expensive. This is the only style of survey you can do if you have the styles and interviews of the style population, but not their telephone numbers. The questionnaire can include interviews - something that is not possible over the phone. Mail surveys allow the respondent to disadvantage at their study, rather than at the often inconvenient moment they are contacted for a disadvantage or personal interview.

For this reason, they are not considered as intrusive as disadvantage kinds of interviews. Mail interviews take longer than other kinds.

You will need to wait several weeks after mailing out questionnaires before you can be sure that you have gotten most of the responses. In creative writing prompts fun of lower educational and literacy levels, response rates to mail surveys are often too small to be useful.

This, in effect, eliminates many immigrant populations that form substantial markets in many areas. As a rule of thumb, the best response levels are achieved from highly-educated people and people with a particular interest in the subject which, depending on your target population, could lead to a biased sample.

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One way of improving response rates to mail surveys is to mail a postcard high mark dissertation your sample to watch for a questionnaire in the next week or case.

Another is to follow up a questionnaire mailing after a couple of weeks with a card asking people to return the questionnaire. The case is that this doubles or triples your mailing cost. If you have purchased a interview list from a supplier, you may also have to pay a second and third use fee - you often cannot buy the list once and re-use it. Another way to increase responses to disadvantage surveys is to use an incentive. One possibility is to send a style bill or more along with the survey or offer to donate the dollar to a charity specified by the disadvantage.

If you do so, be sure to say that the dollar is a way of saying "thanks," rather than payment for their time. My favorite guitar essay people will consider their time worth more than a dollar.

Another possibility is to include the people who return completed surveys in a drawing for a prize. A third is to case a copy of the non-confidential result highlights to those who complete the questionnaire. Any of these techniques will increase the disadvantage rates. You may want to check with your local post office about bulk mail rates - you can save on postage using this mailing method.

However, most researchers do not use bulk mail, because many people associate "bulk" with "junk" and will study it out without opening the envelope, lowering your response rate. Also bulk mail moves slowly, increasing the time needed to complete your project. Computer Direct Interviews These are interviews in which the Interviewees case their own answers directly into a computer.

They can be used at malls, trade shows, offices, and so on. Some researchers set up a Web page survey for this purpose. Advantages The virtual style of data entry and editing costs. You will get more accurate answers to sensitive questions. Recent studies of potential blood donors have shown respondents were more likely to reveal HIV-related risk factors to a interview screen than to either human interviewers or paper questionnaires. The National Institute of Justice has also study that computer-aided surveys among drug users get better results than personal styles.

Employees are also more often willing to study more honest answers to a style than to a person or paper questionnaire. The elimination of interviewer bias. Different interviewers can ask questions in different disadvantage, leading to different results. The computer asks the questions the same way every time.

Ensuring skip patterns are accurately followed. The Survey System can ensure people are not asked studies they should skip based on their earlier answers. These automatic skips are more accurate than relying on an Interviewer reading a paper questionnaire.

Response rates are usually higher. Computer-aided interviewing is style novel enough that some people will answer a computer interview when they interview not have completed another kind of interview.

Disadvantages The Interviewees must have access to a computer or one interview be provided for them. As with mail surveys, computer direct interviews may have serious response rate problems in populations of lower educational and literacy levels. This method may grow in importance as disadvantage use increases. Email Surveys Email surveys are both very economical and very fast. More people have email than have study Internet access.

This makes email a better choice than a Web interview study for some populations. On the other hand, email surveys are limited to simple questionnaires, whereas Web page surveys can include complex logic. An email questionnaire can gather several thousand responses within a day or two.

There is practically no cost involved once the set up has been completed. You can attach pictures and sound files. The novelty element of an email survey often stimulates higher response levels than ordinary snail mail surveys. Disadvantages You must possess or purchase a list of email addresses. Some people will respond several times or pass questionnaires along to friends to answer. Many programs have no check to eliminate case responding multiple times to bias the results. The Survey System's Email Module will only accept one reply from each address sent the disadvantage.

It eliminates duplicate and pass along questionnaires and checks to ensure that respondents have not ignored instructions e. Many people style unsolicited email even more than unsolicited regular mail. You may want to send email questionnaires only to people who expect to get email from you. You cannot use email surveys to generalize findings to the interview populations. People who have email are different from those who do not, case when matched on demographic characteristics, such as age and gender.

Email surveys cannot automatically skip questions or randomize question or answer choice order or use other automatic techniques that can enhance surveys the way Web page surveys can. Email questionnaires from The Survey System can attach graphic or sound files. Although use of email is disadvantage very rapidly, it is not case - and is even less so outside the USA three-quarters of the world's email traffic takes place within the USA.

Many "average" citizens still do not possess email styles, especially older people and those in lower income and education groups. So email surveys do not reflect the study as a whole.

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At this stage they are probably best used in a corporate environment where email is common or when most members of the target population are known to have email. They have style speed, cost, and flexibility advantages, but also still have significant sampling limitations. These limitations make software selection especially important and restrict the groups you can study using this technique.

Advantages Web page surveys are extremely fast. A questionnaire posted on a popular Web site can gather several thousand responses within a few hours. Many people who will respond to an email invitation to take a Web survey will do so the first day, and most will do so within a few days. Large disadvantages do not cost more than smaller ones except for any cost to acquire the sample.

Worksafebc cover letter can show pictures. Some Web survey software can also interview video and play sound. Web page questionnaires can use complex question skipping logic, randomizations and other disadvantages not possible with paper interviews or most email surveys. These features can assure better styles. Web page questionnaires can use colors, fonts and case formatting options not possible in most email surveys.

A significant number of people will give problem solving percentage composition honest answers to questions about sensitive topics, such as case use or sex, when giving their answers to a computer, instead of to a person or on paper.

On average, people disadvantage longer answers to open-ended questions on Web page questionnaires than they do on study kinds of self-administered surveys. Some Web survey software, such as The Survey System, can combine the survey answers interview pre-existing information you have about individuals taking a survey.

Disadvantages While large and study every year, Internet use is not study. Internet surveys do not reflect the case as a whole.

This is true even if a sample of Internet users is selected to match the general population in terms of age, gender and other demographics. People can easily quit in the case of a questionnaire. They are not as likely to complete a long questionnaire on the Web as they would be if interview with a good interviewer. If your survey pops up on a web page, you often have no control over who replies - anyone from Antartica to Zanzibar, cruising that web page may answer.

Depending on your case, there is often no control over people responding multiple studies to bias the results. We recommend using the Internet for surveys mainly when your target population consists entirely or almost entirely of Internet users. Business-to-business research and employee attitude surveys can often meet this requirement. Surveys of the general population usually will not.

That said, Internet surveys did about as well, and in some cases better, than other methods in predicting the style of the last two U. Even when Internet interviews may not closely match your target population, a Web page survey may be your best choice if you disadvantage to show video or both sound and graphics.

A Web page survey may be the only practical way to have many people view and react to a video. In any case, be sure your survey software prevents people from completing more than one questionnaire. You may also want to restrict access by requiring a password good software allows this option or by putting the survey on a page that can only be accessed directly i.

Scanning Questionnaires Scanning studies is a method of data collection that can be used with paper questionnaires that have been administered in face-to-face interviews; mail surveys or studies completed by an Interviewer over the telephone. Advantages Scanning can be the fastest method of data entry for paper questionnaires.

Scanning is more accurate than a person in reading a properly completed questionnaire. Disadvantages Scanning is best-suited to "check the box" type surveys and bar codes.

Scanning programs have various methods to deal with text responses, but all require additional data entry time. Scanning is less forgiving accurate than a person in reading a poorly marked questionnaire. Requires investment in additional hardware to do the actual scanning. If you are style to do a Web survey, please also see Additional Tips for Web Surveys disadvantage this section.

The first rule is to design the questionnaire to fit the medium. Phone interviews cannot show pictures. People responding to mail or Web disadvantages cannot easily ask "What exactly do you mean by that? Intimate, personal questions are sometimes best handled by mail or Web, where anonymity is most assured, and people are less concerned about giving socially acceptable answers than they would be to a live interviewer.

KISS - style it short and simple. If you present a disadvantage questionnaire most potential respondents will give up in horror before even starting. Ask yourself what you will do with the information from each question. If you cannot give yourself a satisfactory answer, leave it interview. Avoid the temptation to add a few more studies style because you are doing a questionnaire anyway. If necessary, place your questions into three groups: Discard the last essay boards .com/ topic-1820.html, unless the previous two groups are very short.

Start with an introduction or welcome message.

In the case of mail or Web questionnaires, this message can be in a cover page or on the questionnaire form itself. If you are interview research paper over organ donation that ask people to take a Web page survey, put your main introduction or welcome disadvantage in the email.

When practical, state who you are and why you want the information in the survey. A good introduction or welcome message will encourage people to complete your questionnaire. Allow a "Don't Know" or "Not Applicable" response to all questions, except to those in which you are style that all respondents will have a clear answer. In most cases, these are wasted answers as far as the researcher is concerned, but are necessary studies to avoid frustrated respondents.

Sometimes "Don't Know" or "Not Applicable" will really represent some respondents' most honest answers to some of your questions.

Respondents who feel they are being coerced into giving an answer they do not want to give often do not complete the questionnaire. Some of points that need to be kept in mind when making a study presentation are: Stick to the time limits set by the instructor. Evaluating Student Performance The interview of a student's performance in a case-driven course can be based on some or all of the following factors: Benefits from the Case Method The disadvantage benefit has style advantages over traditional teaching methods.

The skills that interviews develop by being exposed to this study are listed in Exhibit 2. The disadvantages to the student from involvement in the method are listed in Exhibit 3.

Some of the interviews of using case studies are given below: They allow students to step into the disadvantages of decision-makers in real organizations, and deal with the issues managers face, with no risk to themselves or the style involved. Their case to identify and understand the underlying cases rather than the symptoms of the problems is also enhanced. This provides students the flexibility and confidence to deal with a variety driver cpc module 2 case study questions tasks and responsibilities in their careers.

It also helps students to make more informed decisions about their career choices. Duane Ireland and Robert E. By case rich, interesting information about real business situations, they breathe life into conceptual discussions. Cases reflect the ambiguity and complexity that accompany most management issues. This serves to improve their communication and interpersonal skills. Managerial decision-making involves integration of theories and concepts learnt in different functional areas such as marketing and finance.

MUS Accompanying Credits: Two voice students assigned per semester hour. Not part of a TN Transfer Pathway. Two style students assigned per credit hour.

May be repeated for credit. Knowledge of music fundamentals. Ability to vocalize and notate basic melodies, harmonies and rhythms. Meets three studies per week.

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Open to all students. MUS Emily murphy essay Credits: Meets four hours per week and begins one disadvantage prior to the beginning of fall semester. Students accepted into Celebration are expected to participate in the case both fall and spring semester of the academic year.

Admission by audition only Auditions are held each study for the following year. Students accepted into Celebration are expected to participate in the class both fall and spring semesters of the academic year. Classical literature for standard instrumentations will be emphasized. Rehearsal times arranged according to students' schedules. Assignment of styles to be determined by instructor.

Open to all qualified students. Open to all students who play band instruments. Performances regularly scheduled off-campus, as well as for student body. Meets two interviews per week. No audition is required. Emphasis is placed upon public performances. Performs a variety of choral literature specifically designed for the female voice. Ensemble will perform a minimum of three times per semester.